Multi-camera productions role

There are many job roles that are needed when using Multi-cameras and creating a video. The jobs are very important and cannot be done at a poor standard. Th jobs that occur during making a film with more than one camera are;

• Director
• Camera operator
• Sound mixing
• Vision mixing
• Set designer
• Floor manager
• Presenter
• Lighting desk
• Graphics generation
• VT operator

Director

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_director)

A director is a person who creates a film or studio show. S/he is the main guy to the show, he also has the final words to whether a scene is perfect or not, S/he won't stop doing the scene until it is perfected to the highest ability. The director also has full creativity to the shot
Duties-

1. The duties that a director has when he is making a film or even a show would be that he has to be in earlier than many other people because if he is not in then he wont be able to get everything prepared and also get himself prepared.
2. Another duties that a director has is to organise everything like the stage, he has to make sure the stage is how he wants it and also make sure that the cast is ready to perform for the video.
3. A duties for a director which is 100% important is the contribution he puts towards his own film, if a director is silent throughout the whole of the film then the director probably wouldn't be able to make a film which would make millions. Contribution is all about giving his own opinion towards the film or show.

Skills-

1.Confidence to give ideas to his team.

2.The creativity to his film.

3.To communicate easily with his team.

The qualifications that a director must have is that they have made a small role play or even their own short film. The want to be director basically needs to have a large amount of experience, to gain this experience they would maybe have to be on the set while another director takes charge so they can learn from him or her and when s/he has enough experience they may be allowed to film something small to see how they have evolved. (http://www.creativeskillset.org/film/jobs/direction/article_3880_1.asp)

Camera operator

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_operator)

The camera operator is basically the man/women who has all control over the camera, If a camera is placed in a wrong position then it would be the camera man or women's fault for the mistake. The camera man or women is the person who has to film the whole of the show.
Duties-
1.The camera man has to be ready at all times for when he is filming, he has to make sure that all the camera equipment is in order and working fine. He has to have full knowledge of all the equipment so he doesn't have to ask other people for help when he is about to film.
2. A duties for the camera man is to film the whole show, he must film constantly so they catch enough footage for the editors.
3.The control of the camera is also another duties for the camera man as the camera is his for the show, if the camera man was to loose all control over the camera then it would be his fault for the loss of control.

Skills-
1.Steady hand
2.To be able to get the right camera shots
3.To be able to understand instructions and also give instructions.

The qualifications that any camera man should have is that they have had experience in the arts of filming, They would have had to take media to be able to understand what shots work well and also the camera and how it works. (http://www.creativeskillset.org/film/jobs/camera/article_4688_1.asp)

Sound mixing

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_mixing)

The sound mixer is the man/woman who has control to all the sound that is inputted into the video, S/he has to be concentrated at all times so he doesn't miss a cue to come in and play the song. The sound mixer person has to be able to catch all the required sound for the show.
Duties-
1.The sound mixer will have to be organised and have all of his equipment ready for the show or performance, All the sound is relied on one guy and he has to catch every word which is said so there are no mistakes.
2.The sound mixer guy has all control over every mic that is in the studio, if one is not working then it would be there job to go and fix it.
3.They would also have to go and consider all of the surroundings and weather they will affect the sound that goes through the mic.

Skills-
1.Knows how to control all the dials.
2.Be able to understand clear instructions.
3.To have full control of the sound mixer.

The qualifications that a sound mixer must have is that they have experience behind them and that they have practised in any environment to get perfect sound, you can test there ability's by going to a windy environment and seeing if they are able to get enough sound out to make a scene.(http://www.creativeskillset.org/film/jobs/sound/article_4762_1.asp)

Vision mixing

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vision_mixer)

This is the person that controls the cuts in the video, S/he can see all the camera shots and decide whether to cut to another camera or not.
Duties-
1.To have all the monitors up and working, the monitors have to be on for the vision mixer to know which camera is which. If the monitors aren't working properly;y then it will be the vision mixer to find out what the initial problem is and for them then to fix them.
2.This person also has full control of how the shot looks and weather the camera has to move for the shot to be better.
3.This person has full responsibilities of how each shot is cut and the timing of the cuts. The person has to cut each shot correctly other wise the show won't be to high standards.

Skills-
1.To know which camera to cut to next
2.Make sure she knows which button controls the cut to each camera
3.Understanding of instructions

The qualifications that a vision mixer should have is that they have had experience before by maybe doing something small then improving and doing something bigger. This person should have full knowledge of how to control the equipment and also have a degree in media, this will show many institutions that he is good with the equipment.(http://www.creativeskillset.org/tv/jobs/Studio_Broadcast/article_5483_1.asp)

Set designer

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scenic_design)

The set designer is the person who has to set up the stage for the performance or show, This person has to make sure that there is nothing standing out and also that everything is correct. They are also the people who make every individual prop that is found in the film and play, like if a newspaper was used in the film they would be the ones who got it for the play.
Duties-
1.To be in on time or a bit earlier to make the stage, the stage has to be made in advance then put together, The stage is made in advance so there is not alot on the set designers shoulders, all they will have to do is put the stage together but obviously they will put the stage together at a high standard.
2.To have all the gear that they need to make the set with them at all times during the making of the set. They can't make a set without any equipment.
3.The set needs to be built before the actual performance, this means that the set designers have to give many of there hours to create the set like a car or a big cloud, they have to make these look very realistic for the play or film to look even better than what it already does.

Skills-
1.Be able to make it look professionally done
2.Make sure it is safely put together.
3.Understanding of instructions

The qualifications that a set designer must have is that they are good at art and also the use of many colours to make the staging standout. They must also have many artistic designs that they have done in the past to show proof that they are good. They could have also had some of there work included in a play.
(http://www.creativeskillset.org/film/jobs/productiondesign/article_4675_1.asp)

Floor manager

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floor_manager)

The floor manager is the person that controls the floor to the stage and decides where all the cameras are placed and also the stage which is placed in the studio. This person basically has full control of the floor.
Duties-
1.To make sure that all the camera people listen to his orders and that he is focused and ready to make drastic changes if they are really needed.
2.To get everything prepared for the scene that they are about to shoot, This means that he has to make sure that all the the props or stage is placed in the right place.
3. He has to also place the audience where he wants them so they do not inter fear with a camera, this would be found in the studio but in a film the floor manager would also place the extras around and tell them what to do.

Skills-
1.Make sure cameras are put in the right positions
2.Be able to correct a mistake if one is made
3.Understanding of instructions

The qualifications that a floor manager would need is to have a large amount of experience, the confidence to talk to people and instruct them on what to do. He would have to be tested in a practise run just to see if he is able to place the cameras in the right place and also be able to set the stage correctly and also not make any mistakes during the process.(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_floor_manager)

Presenter

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presenter)

The presenter is the person who is filmed when they are talking about something or even interviewing someone. They have got full control to how they say and also what they say when they are being filmed.
Duties-
1.The presenter must be focused before he goes onto camera so he doesn't make a vital mistake when he or she is being filmed. If the presenter is so unfocused then they wouldn't be able to film until they get into the zone and ready to film.
2.To be ready for a certain time because if they aren't ready then that would delay all the filming. the institution won't be happy with the presenter. The timing is very important because the certain timing of a day can be important for the scene.
3.They need to research extra information so they can add in important facts when they are talking, The facts will add to the realism of the presenting.

Skills-
1.Knowing what to say before you are filmed
2.The level of concentration (focused)
3.have a clear speaking voice

The qualifications that a presenter will probably need will be to have had a small job like a journalist this would help them out as they would have needed to research many things and also maybe have made smaller videos where they have spoke about a certain agenda. Drama would help them out as drama helps you make your voice louder and clear.(http://www.creativeskillset.org/tv/jobs/performers/article_1921_1.asp)

Lighting desk

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lighting_control_console)

The lighting desk is an object which has full control of the lighting when the show is under away, depending on what type of show they are filming the light can vary between bright or dark.
Duties-
1.They will have to set up the console before they have even started filming anything just because they will be ready for when they practise or even do the real thing.
2.They also need to keep up to date with many new things that change, like if the whole system was to change then they would have to know about it in advance so they know whats new.
3.To make sure that they move all the correct dials for all the lights, the right lights will have to be on so it doesn't look bad.

Skills-
1.Keep calm under pressure
2.Good communication skills
3.Understanding of instructions

The qualifications that a lighting desk person would have is to know or to have had experience with the whole console before, you wouldn't want an amateur to come in and take control of all the lights, They would also have to know all the key knowledge about the lighting desk even when the lighting desk updates they will have to update there knowledge as well.(http://www.creativeskillset.org/film/jobs/lighting/article_3889_1.asp)

Graphics generation

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procedural_generation)

The graphics generation is a software that is on a computer, The footage that is filmed from many cameras is put onto one software and is edited and also the addition of graphics is added.
Duties-
1.The graphics person has to know all the required knowledge about the graphics system, the person has to be able to make graphics which you would think are impossible.
2.They need to have ability to create some truly amazing things for the show and to also make them look realistic
3.They need to be able to use the system so they can actually make graphics because you don't want someone who can't do anything.

Skills-
1.Making all graphics look realistic as possible
2.knowing how to work the software
3.Understanding of instructions

The qualifications that a graphics generator must have is the experience and that they are confident to take on a challenge, the work they do will always be to high standard only if they are good but if someone who hasn't had experience try and do something good then they will more likely make something which is small.

VT operator

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_crew)

The VT operator is the person which has full control to all the tapes and what is put on those tapes. This the person which plays a tape when he or she is told too.
Duties-
1. They have to set up all the machines so they can be ready for when they are doing the show. They don't want to start a show when the VT operators aren't on.
2. To know when the show is to be aired onto live TV
3.To be able to replay stuff on the telly to all the viewers if a funny incident happens. The video tape is mainly used in sports like a football match.

Skills-
1.Make sure that the right tape is about to be played
2.Being able to make sure that the footage has no mistakes
3.Understanding of instructions

The qualifications that a VT operator should have is the understanding of the whole system and have experience where they have used it before. Someone who has full knowledge about the software will know what to done and a person who doesn't will probably make a wide mistake.

Hierarchy
Hierarchy is basically a chain of who is in charge of a performance and who is just helping out, If you were to be at the top then you have control over everyone and if you were at the bottom then you will be thought about last.

-I would place the director at the top of the hierarchy because he has control of the whole show and it is up to him weather things are looking good or not.

-I then placed the floor manager because the floor manager has full control of the floor and he has to work with the director on where things are placed around the studio.

-The next person i put down was the set designer because they have to set up the whole stage and they can't do that if they have everyone in the way and disturbing them.

-The next one was the camera operator, i chose this because they will then have to place there cameras on where they should film the whole show from.

-The next one would be the VT operator as they know what timing the show ill be on air and they also have to record all the footage in case a replay must happen.

-The next ones would be the vision mixer, sound mixer and lighting desk. i put all these three together because there job are all equal and they all have to be working at the same time.

-the graphics generation would come second to last because they can put in graphics easily for the show, there job role isn't as important as the others.

-Last one would be the presenter because the presenter doesn't have to be around while they are setting up the stage he just has to come in and talk when the show goes onto air, he will be told by the floor manager where to stand for  the show.

Multi-camera: Practical and aesthetic

Live
Live sports

This is a video of a hockey game which was played during the summer Olympics in London, this is a game between Netherlands vs England.
Practical 1- Coverage of sports
In all live sports you will need to think about the coverage of a game, In the hockey game you will always need more cameras than just one, so you can see the whole game from all views. At 0:08 to 0:10 you will see the Netherlands team score a point and instead of watching them celebrate from a distance, the camera zoomed in to see them celebrate up close to see there reaction and how happy they are. The constraints that this video has is that it is filmed in a stadium and this stadium is only small so its not that hard to cover up the whole game.



Proof that they have to use more than one camera

 The impact that the coverage of action is on the audience will be good because there are plenty of cameras around the whole stadium, i would say an average of 10 cameras around the stadium. They may use this amount of cameras so the audience watching the camera can see the whole game and not miss any of the action.


Practical 2- Constraints of studio or location environment
When the hockey game took place it was held in stratford (London) in a small stadium that was built just for hockey. This stadium was an open stadium so there can be many constraints to this location. The weather is a main problem in England so if it was going to rain during the game the company filming will have to know in advance and cover the camera with a protecting cover to stop the camera from getting damaged. The other constraint that could cause a problem for the cameras would be the actual stadium itself, The stadium is big so there has to be many cameras for the audience that are watching the TV so they can see the whole coverage of the game rather than just a little bit of the game. In total they have about 10 cameras that have coverage of the whole game 1 behind each goal and about 8 all around the stadium.


1 camera behind each goal

 The impact that the cameras has on the audience is to feel engaged by looking at the whole game constantly because if the camera man was to drift off the game and not watch the game would soon become boring but if this was to happen the camera company would have to quickly switch to another camera to watch the game.
The cost of having many cameras at a game can be costly depending on how many cameras you use but when you also think about the addition of covers for the camera if the weather was to be poor then that can be an addition of a large amount of money.

Aesthetic 1-Visual style & mode of address
During the game the visual style that the camera tries to gather from the game is excitement and dynamic, these words describe how the camera shows the game. The Olympic atmosphere is seen from the camera, The camera can see the whole stadium and the crowd that has gathered to watch the actual game. At 0:01 in to the video you can straight away feel the atmosphere as you can see the whole audience ready to cheer on there team. This shot of the whole stadium can make the audience at home embrace the atmosphere.

The whole stadium and audience can be seen from 1 camera.

The impact that this has on the audience is that it engages them with the visual look, when you see the whole audience and the pitch that the teams are going to play on, you can feel happy that you are watching and be part of the games.

  Aesthetic 2- Maintaining viewers interest
When you consider maintaining the viewers interest you will have to think about having all the cameras around the whole stadium filming at the same time, The cameras will have to be on at the same time so if they were to change to see the game from a better view they can switch cameras and get a better view. doing this can maintain the viewers interest at all times, the company don't want to loose viewers because the camera men are bad Filmer's. Something else that can keep the viewers engaged all the time is the amount of cuts that occur during the whole game, at 0:39 to 0:41, you can see that the Netherlands score a point and to show that England are gutted by looking at a players reaction to them just scoring that point, doing this has helped maintain the viewers interest because you can see the players reaction and seeing this can make you feel furious that the other team scored against your country.
The impact that the cuts have on the audience is that they are not bored by seeing the whole shot of the game for the whole time, There are a large amount of cuts and this amount of cuts can help keep the audience interested at all times.

Concerts

This is a video of beyonce when she was doing her live performance at Mercedes Benz super dome.
Practical 1- Coverage of action
 At this half time performance by beyonce the institution had to think about how they would cover her whole performance. There has to be many cameras filming her all at the same time so they don't miss anything. The first shot at 0:01 to 0:07 you will see that there is a camera which is filming from a long distance rather than close so it can see the whole crowd that are waiting for beyonce to do her performance. the next shot is her where she is standing waiting for the music to kick in form 0:25 to 0:47 this shot doesn't have a single cut involved but this shot shows her from a distance as the camera pans in to see her sing closely.
The impact that the coverage of action has on the audience is that they can see so much of whats going to happen rather than just a little bit. There are also many cameras that are dotted around the whole stadium and this helps with the coverage.

Practical 2-Constraints of studio or location environment
The constraints that beyonces concert could have is that it is in a massive stadium and it would be pointless if you only had one camera filming the whole performance, this is a massive constraint to the performance. There are many constraints to beyonces performance just like the size of the stadium but the other one could be the environment like wether it rains during the performance but beyonce is lucky because when she did he on the stadium was a closed roof stadium so she didnt have to worry wether it rained or not.
Aesthetic 1-Visual style & mode of address
The visual style would be that a party mood and also excitement that beyonce is performing live. The cameras gather this kind of atmosphere because they have close ups involved and long shots, The visual style is gathered straight away from the 0:01 till the end. The first shot is a long shot of the stage and just this shot alone can make the people that watch the performance get happy and excited that she is about to perform some of her songs live.
Aesthetic 2-Maintaining viewer interest
When the institution thinks about maintaining the viewers interest they always think about what types of shots they will use for each shot and what is there main focus point (what the audience want to really focus on), in this case the audience would love to keep there eyes on beyonce because the whole half time performance is about beyonce.
Public events

This is a video of the funeral for Margaret thatcher
Practical 1- Coverage of action
The coverage of action for the iron lady Margaret thatchers funeral is that you can see all the people that have come to funeral, like all the famous people, the mayor of London, prime minister of London and even people like Jeremy clarkson was there. To show that they try to see everything all at once the institution decided to have a split screen to show this shot was shown at 1:17, This shot is used to show whats happening outside the cathedral and also to see peoples reaction inside the building and also the atmosphere of how many people are around to witness the funeral.

Practical 2-Constraints of studio or location environment
The location that was used when she had her funeral was St Pauls cathedral the filming in this type of environment would seem hard but the institutions make it work by finding and asking where they can set up the camera to do there filming. There is also another bunch of cameras which are placed outside the cathedral so you can even see whats happening from the outside like when Margaret thatchers coffin arrived at the venue, the camera can film it all the way until it enters.
Aesthetic 1-Visual style & mode of address
The mode of address that this can gather from all the camera types would be sad and upsetting. They gather so much feelings from just individual shots like the one where you can see everyone outside and all the souldiers that are outside. This on its own can show how sad something really is.
Aesthetic 2-Maintaining viewer interest
How the institution kept the audience engaged throughout the whole funeral was that they looked at who was there to comemerate there sadness towards the passing away of Margaret thatcher, this keeps the audience watching at all time. Also another way they achieved the audiences interests was that they looked at the atmosphere outside and in the cathedral.
Game shows

This is a game show where people get given a word and they have to know what belongs to that word.
Practical 1- Coverage of action
The coverage of action throughout this video is a vary of shots like; shots of the presenters and the people who are taking part in the game show, There are about 5 cameras used to film all of the show and these cameras catch everything during the whole show. At 0:10 the camera has a mid shot of the pesenter and also the scoreboard, this shot is used to show the audience that are watching throught there tv what the subject is about and also what the questions are.

Practical 2-Constraints of studio or location environment
The constraints that come from the studio could be that the audience can be too loud and cause problems with the sound, the other constraints that a studio can with hold is things like the minimum of space, if there is not alot of space then that could be a restriction to the filming. The evnvironment that is around the cameras can affect the show but it shouln't because everyone should be silent during the show.
Aesthetic 1-Visual style & mode of address
The mode of address that this type of game show would have will probably have would be interesting
as the game show is where you learn loads of new things from the game show, the camera shots help out with this as they look at this man who sits behind a computer with all the latest and correct information.

Aesthetic 2-Maintaining viewer interest
The way that this show maintain there viewers is by the way they use facts throughout the show, because the show has many facts in it and facts can add new knowledge and you can also find out something youve never known before.
Chat shows

This is a interview on alan carr chatty man, he is interviewing keith lemon.
Practical 1- Coverage of action
The coverage of action through this interview is that all cameras should be facing the interviewee and the interviewer, There are about 6 cameras that are used during the whole interview. These cameras catch every facial reaction and also everything that one does, At 0:10 to 0:13 there is a change in shot from alan carr sitting there introducing keith to keith lemon coming down the stairs, the effect of this change in camera on the audience is that it shows you that hes there and up for the interview with alan carr.
Practical 2-Constraints of studio or location environment
The constraints that could affect a interview would be the camera placements and maybe the studio size, this studio looks big but maybe it is small you just can't tell due to the camera placements. The environment that surrounds the cameras is the audience and the audience can have a mass affect on the whole show as it adds realism to the interview.
Aesthetic 1-Visual style & mode of address
The mode of address for this interview would be funny because the man that Alan carr is interviewing tends to be a funny man so he will try to crack some jokes during the interview so he doesnt loose fans and to also keep the interview more enetertaining for him.
Aesthetic 2-Maintaining viewer interest
The way that alan carr maintains his viewers is by the way he trys to get his interviewees a little bit tipsy and when you become a little bit tipsy you can do some things or even say things that are funny and because this happens alot on the show he never looses many viewers.
Magazine show

This is a video of top gear when they did one of there challeneges where they had to create a mobility scooter then do an off road test to see if they are really good.
Practical 1- Coverage of action
The coverage of action for this show is that they had to show all the mobility scooters that were made from each presenter. At 0:00 to 0:02 you will see a change in shot, the shot changes from a person holding a flag to jeremy clarksons face, They change it to jeremys face because they want to show his reaction to the race and to also add suspense to the race. Straight after looking at jeremy clarkson they then change to another shot where you can see all the mobility scooters ready to start. There are about 20 different cameras that are used in the whole of this, the reason they would use 20 cameras is because they want to get as many shots of the race as possible so they can make there show more entertaining than others.
Practical 2-Constraints of studio or location environment
The constraints that the filming can have during this show is that everything was filmed outside and this is a massive constraint for all the cameras that took part in the filming, they didnt only have to film outside but they also had to film on a rough terrain. This is very hard for all camera men but Top gear have world class camera men who can film anywhere to make a show good, because all the filming was done outside the weather could have affected the filming but luckily it it didn't rain.
Aesthetic 1-Visual style & mode of address
The mode of address will be funny, exciting and entertaining because this is a show where they include many funny shots and also funny parts to the show like if something doesnt go right and it is hilarious they will put that in the show.
Aesthetic 2-Maintaining viewer interest

Top gear maintain there viewers by making the show enetrtaining by having small challenges like this one but they make it more funny because they include all types of scenes like when they crash or when the buggie rolls of with no one driving it, this is hilarious and will keep the audience engaged to see what happens next.

Talent show

This is a video of a young boy who went onto britains got talent and done a stand up performance for the judges.
Practical 1- Coverage of action
The coverage that they have in this whole part of the show is that you can see the young boy up on stage and also about 5 cameras facing the judges to see their reaction to this young boy, At 0:08 to 0:10 there is a change in camera from a long shot showing a bit of the audience, the judges and also the young boy ready to perform. The next shot goes from that to the boy on his own. They do this to create an atmosphere and to also see what it must feel like to stand up on that stage and perform for a very large audience.
Practical 2-Constraints of studio or location environment
The constraints that a massive studio like this would have is things like the camera distances and also that the audience that is involved throughout each performance could have effect as they influence each performance, there are many cameras that are around the whole studio so the constraints that can occur are wether the cameras have been put in the right place.
Aesthetic 1-Visual style & mode of address
The mode of address that can be scene from this is inspiring and enjoyment. It will have both of these because this young person has come to spread joy accross the audience aswell as inspring many other children that disabilities can't hold you pack from what you want to do.
Aesthetic 2-Maintaining viewer interest
BGT enage there audience and keep them interested by having many people from all over the country and doing anything like swalloing swords and a dog playing a guitar, this shot on it own has engaed the audience to watch because this young boy is disabled and he makes jokes that include his disability, This shows that he is not sad about the way he is and he just wants to do good and influence many others.